This qualitative research had three main objectivs: 1) to study the contexts and the importance of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha), 2) to study the important issues of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) and 3) analytical study of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) in accordance with Thai Sanghathera in Thailand. This research was done through studying and searching from the three divisions of the Buddhist Canon (the Tipitaka), books and academic documents of Buddhism.
The results of this study revealed as follows:
I. The Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimkkha) was the fundamental precepts which were the principles of the teaching or the summary principles of Buddhism consisting of the teaching and the administrative principles of the monastic order, teaching and the main priunciples which were the significant Keywords of Buddhism, the approaches of the announcement and the code of conduct of the disseminaters in order to create coordinate unity in disseminating Buddhism and to release from all sufferings.
II. The important issues of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) had 13 aspects consisting of: 3 principles which meant to the important issues of practical guidelines like the prohibition to do all sins, doing all good actions and making the clear and joyful minds; 4 attitudes which meant to the principles of practice to meet the goal such as the patience, no exploitation, peace and the extinction of the fires of greed, of hatred and of ignorance (Nibbana); 6 approaches which meant to the practical guidelines for the monks as no speaking in bad ways to the others, no attacking anyone, being composed in the fundamental precepts, knowing of moderation, being in peace and quiet places and practicing the minds to be clear and peaceful. We could conclude that all mentioned above were the teachings of prohibition to do all bad actions but to do all good actions instead, including making the minds to be purity. Nibbana (the extinction of the fires of greed of hatred and of ignorance) was to end all defilements in order to release from all sufferings which was the highest goal of Buddhism and also be the certain announcement of Buddhism to all people in the world,
III. The analytical study of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) in accordance with 5 Thai Sanghathera in Thailand Showed as the following:
1) Somdetphrayanasangworn Somdetphra sangharajsakunmahasanghaparinayok (His Holiness ; the Supreme Patriarch) pointed out on the Buddhist assembly to behave and practice according to the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) by holding on the principle of Sikkhattaya (the Threefold Learning) which were Sila (morality), Samadhi (concentration) and Panna (wisdom).
2) Phrathumakosajan (Ngum nInthapanyo) or Luangphorbuddhataspikku emphasized on practical worship (external ad mental) to reach into being empty (Suyata). He realized the significant issues of the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) on not doing bad actions, doing all good actions and making the white minds. Whenever one needed anything or desired whatever and he finally got them as his highest needs, he should not be misguided and should not hold on to them that were the heart of Buddhism. Your mind would be white all over as being Pariyothapana.
3) Phraprommanghalajan or Luangphor Panyanantha emphasized on th Buddhists to behave with gratefulness towards the Triple Gem and also always reminded themselves of the important days about Lord Buddha, Buddhist Teachings and the Orders which pointed out on practical worship (external and mental).
4) Phrathummapidok (Prayut Payutto) looked at the Fundamental Teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) as a whole issue and classified them with reasonable looking. He looked at the practices in each era, each time with best understanding which could be applied in all kinds of organization created best understanding and built the harmony among Buddhist people.
5) Phradhammakosajan ( Prayoon Dhammajitto) emphasized on living together of all Buddhists with patience in order to create peace to the world. |