The objectives of this thesis are 1) to study the principles and the intention in observing the Five Precepts in Theravada Buddhism 2) to study the factors that affect the Buddhists’ attitudes of the Five Percepts in Bangkok 3) to study the Buddhist Behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts in Bangkok 4) to study the factors that affect the Buddhists in Bangkok in observing and violating the Five Precepts and

                        The methodology of studying in this thesis is to use the collection of documentary information and the survey research by using the questionnaires as the tools to collect exemplary groups which are the Buddhists who lived in Bangkok and more than 13 years of age, regardless of sexes, status, levels of education, occupations, and income by using Cluster Sampling Method. The exemplary groups will be divided to 12 groups according to the voting areas of the Member of the House Representatives. There are 487 completed samples. From the analysis, it is found as  follows :-

                             1. The principles and intentions in observing the Five Percepts in Theravãda Buddhism are the intentions for people living together in the societies with peace, happiness, nonviolence, and caring. In addition, the intentions are included for the social structural ordering, for the relations among the people, societies and environment, and for managing all problems in the modern societies. Hence, those intentions in observing the Five Percepts in Theravãda Buddhism are not just to solve the problems of violating of person to person as direct issues but also all the broader issues as mentioned above.  

                              2. The individual factors of respondents are mostly the women aged between 21 and 25 years, completing the bachelor’s degree levels, single, office workers, living in Bangkok more than 5 years and living around the Bangkok. Most of the respondents live in the allocated houses and apartments.

                              3. The most agreeable attitude of behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts possessed by the respondents is to work with honesty which will help to be successful and growing for working life. The most disagreeable attitude of behavior is the exciting hunting sport.

                              4. From every individual factors of respondents related to the attitude of behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts, regardless of sex, age, levels of education, the marriage status, occupation, income per month, period of living, areas of living, and environment of living places, it is found that the factors affected to the level of attitude in observing and violating the Five Precepts has is of the statistic significant level at 0.05.

                              5. For behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts, most of the respondents break the Five Precepts by getting used to killing the animals, by getting used to stealing parent’s money, by getting used to having sexual misconduct with the partners before wedding’s day, by getting used to telling a lie to their parents, and by getting used to drinking liquor, alcohol, beer and wine. For the behavior in observing the Five Precepts, most of the respondents observe the Five Precepts seriously on some occasions (for example when they go to the mediation retreat). Most of the respondents observe the Precepts Number two, three, one, five and four respectively. The fewer people do not even observe the Five Precepts and most of the respondents think that the locations for observing the Five Precepts have the effects on observing the Five Precepts and it is found that the locations are of the effects at the most point are the temples and next are homes and workplaces.

                              6. From every individual factors of the respondents which have the relations to the behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts regardless of sex, age, level of education, the marriage status, occupation, income per month, period of living, area of living, and environment of living places, and it is found that the attitude in observing and violating the Five Precepts that affected to the behavior in observing and violating the Five Precepts has is of the statistic significant level at 0.05.

                              7. The problems and the obstacles that may cause the Thai people not to be able to observe the Five Precepts are the changing societies, the speedily advanced technology, the careless in religion by the Buddhists, and the greediness. For the solutions,  most of the respondents recommended that the evils out of  killing the animals should be notified, the government should improve the economic for people to have jobs, the advantage of having one faithful love should be notified, the campaign for telling the truth should be developed, and the disadvantage of drinking the alcohols should be notified. The ways to help the Buddhists to observe the Five Precepts, are mostly recommended as follows:-  The parents should train their children to be good since they are still young and the government should be of a campaign to help the people to be  interested  in Buddhism. Some other causes to increase the Buddhists’ temptations such as Pubs, Karaoke should be stopped, and there should have the serious and more severe punishment.