The main purposes of this thesis were to study the Heetsipsong-traditions, the factors of changes of the Heetsipsong- traditions, and a result of changes of the Heetsipsong- traditions at the municipal areas, Muangkao sub-district, Muang district, Khonkaen province from the result of this research.    

                      The Heetsipsong-traditions at the municipal areas, Muangkao sub-district, Muang district, Khonkaen province was completely derived as seen in the past time. However, some medication of this festival that was appropriately done depended upon a way of the people’s life relating to the change of time, a study of principles, and practice of the Heetsipsong-traditions in each month. There were six traditions dealing with Buddhist monks: Bunkhaokam, Bunkhaoji, Bunphravet, Bunkhaopansa, Bun-okpansa, and Bunkathin. The tradition of an occupation dealt with asking the blessing and worshiping the sacred things for the natural complete such as raining and nutrition. This tradition dealt with two traditions: Bunkhunlan and Bunbangfai. The tradition of morale in life was under the belief that the sacred things would give people peach and happiness. It was consisted of two traditions: Bunsongkran and Budsamha. The tradition of gratitude stressed on making the fulfillment of merit for meritorious dedication. It dealt with two traditions: Bunkhaopradabdin and Budkhaosak.

                      Some factors that affected the change of Heetsipsong finds that the social and cultural change: a family and relative system, an educational system, a system of public health, a system of beliefs and traditions, and a system of entertainment. There were two factors to affect the social and cultural change: external and internal. The external factor that affected a change of the Heetsipsong-traditions at a Muangkao sub-district dealt with factors of the public utility, new cultural import, and mass communication such as television, and radio. The internal factor that affected a change of the Heetsipsong-traditions at Muangkao sub-district was the environmental factors-a forest resource, a water resource, and an earth resource. About a factor of beliefs in traditions, the Muangkao people took it from the past to the present with a strong belief that the derived tradition was useful to the community. About a factor of a personal view known as an internal factor, people thought that in the present time, there was the acceptance of a personal view-like or unlike, and positive or negative expressed on a person, a thing or a material. Here, the attitude compulsorily urged a person to select only whatever he wanted. Generally, he was not urged to select whatever he performed or produced as a main cause to damage his life and the others.

                A change of the Heetsipsong-traditions at the Muangkao sub-district in the present find that depends upon the social and cultural factor. This change was found because the ancient techniques were replaced with new technological products such a new technique of cultivation with machines and chemical fertilizer. The change affected thoughts and a way of life in the community. There was some changes of the Heetsipsong-traditions at a municipal area, Muang sub-district, Muang district, Khonkaen province-Bunkhunlan or Bundianyi, Bunkhawchi or Bundiansam, and Bunbangfai or Bundianhok. The other Heetsipsong-traditions were not changed in all aspects. People still followed the ancient tradition as a way of life and preserved it for persons in the next generation.