This thesis is of the 3 objectives which are 1) to study Sañyojana and Doctrinal principles in connection with Sañyojana 2) to study the Doctrines which extinguish Sañyojana 3) to analytical study of Sañyojana according to the venerable monks in Thai societies.
From the research, it is found that according to the Triple Gem, Sañyojana means a small or big binding material both of formality and normality. The formality is Gihisañyojana which belongs to the lay people in the pattern of property, sons, daughters, wifes, husbands, servants, followers and five qualities evoking desire. Regarding the normal Sañyojanas, they are 10 Sañyojanas divided according to Sutta. They are Sakkãyadiööhisañyojana, Vicikicchãsañyojana, Sîlabbataprãmãsasañyojana, Kãmachandasañyojana, Byãpãdasañyojana, Rûparãgasañyojana, Arûparãgasañyojana, Mãnasañyojana, Uddhaccasañyojana, and Avijjãsañyojana. When it is divided according the Ten Abhidhammas, they are :- Kãmasañyojana, Paöighasañyojana, Mãnasañyojana, Diööhisañyojana, Vicikkicchãsañyojana, Sîlabbataprãmãsasañyojana, Bhavarãgasañyojana, Issãsañyojana, Macchariyasañyojana, and Avijjãsañyojana. In such two ways of the division of Sañyojana, though the names of Sañyojana are different, the states of Sañyojanas are in the same groups. In the Three Baskets, there are the ways of explaining the Sañyojana in the type of simile to enable the people to understand more clearly the normality of Sañyojana. They are the similes of Sañyojana as the door, the cloud, the string used for tiring the cow at the post, the two banks of a river, the high and low level, the fishhook related to the mouth of the fish, the piece of stone tied to the feet of animals, the branch of the tree held with hand by a person and the deep ocean. The simile of Orambhãgiyasañyojana is like the human beings’ rough body. The simile of Uddhambhãgiyasañyojana is the sutle divine body. It is found that the five aggregates are the temperament of Sañyojana. The four aggregates are :- Vedanãkhandha, Suññãkhandha, Saõkhãradhandha, and Viññãõakhandha all of which are in compositions with Sañyojanas.
The Doctrinal principles supporting Sañyojanas are Paöiccasamuppãdas. Tañhã (craving) and Upãdãna (attachment) support Sañyojana to arise. There are also other doctrines which support Sañyojana. They are Ãsava, Ogha, Yoga, Gantha, Upãdãna, Nivarana, Anusaya, kilesas, Micchatta, Lokadhamma, Macchariya, Vipalãsa, Agati, and Mûla. The group of these doctrines helps the Sañyojanas to be of more strength.
The Doctrines which extinguish Sañyojana in Buddhism are of many kinds. Most of them emphasize the mental development with mindfulness as the foundation which the Buddha called as the Supreme Paths. They are the doctrines to extinguish all the Sañyojanas. When a man practises the 4 Foundations of Mind with the support of Bodhipakkhiyadhamma, he can be one of the Noble persons in Buddhism. Such the Noble Persons are : The Sotãpanna, the Sakadãgãmî, the Anãgãmî and the Arahanta. The noble person of Sotapanna Grade can extinguish the 3 Sañyotanas namely:- Sakkãyadiööhi, Vicikicchã and Sîlabbataprãmãsa. The noble person of Sakadãgãmî Grade can extinguish the said 3 Sañyojanas and can lessen Kãmachandasañyojana and Byãpãdasañyojana. The noble person of Anãgãmî Grade can extinguish the Sañyojana which was forsaken by Phra Sotãpanna and can extinguish two more: Kãmachandasañyojana and Byãpãdasañyojana. Regarding Ven. Arahantas they extinguish the five more Sañyojanas namely:- Rûparãgasañyojana, Arûparagasañyojana, Mãnasañyojana, Uddhaccasañyojana, and Avijjãsañyojana. After all the Sañyojanas have been extinguished, the state of Nibbãna appears instead. Then, the person’s mind is full of freedom from Sañyojanas and turmoil, and he or she can lead his or her life happily.
Ven. Dhammakosacarya (Buddhadãsa Bhikku), Ven. Phra Brommagunãbhorn (P.A. Payutto), Ven. Phra Bodhiñãna Thera (Luang Paw-Jã Subhaddo), Ven. Phra Rãjabrommayan (Laungpaw Rue Sri Ling Dam) and Ven. Phra Dharmadhïrarãjmahãmunï (Jodok Ñãnasiddhi) mention the Sañyojanas according to the Three Baskets. What is different is the comparison of the Sakkayãdiööhi as the telephone. If we do not receive the telephone, there is no problems as we and he. Besides these teachers still say that Sañyojana is still the “madness” which is the abnormality and the foolishness arising from the human being’s nature beginning from his or her birth, and such foolishness is developed more and more until it is full of ignorance. If a man does not contest Sañyojana, he will be too ordinary person who may be mad or will go to hell. On the other hand, Sañyojana can be the principle to measure the state of being a “Dakkhineyyapuggala” or “the Noble One”. This is the minus division which is the way to look at each of the eradicated Sañyojanas.
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