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The objectives of this research were; 1) to study the state of learning management to create citizenship awareness of upper secondary school students, 2) to study the principles of citizenship awareness, and 3) to propose a process to raise citizenship awareness. The mixed research methods were used in the study. The quantitative data were collected by questionnaires from 374 samples and analyzed by percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data were collected by in-depth interviews with 10 experts and by focus group discussions with 10 experts.
The research results found that:
The condition of learning management to create citizenship awareness of the upper secondary school students was at a high level overall. The highest level started at citizenship admiration, followed by practice plan, option evaluation, summative evaluation, accumulative evaluation, optional creation, analytical thinking, improvement and rectification, and problem and necessity awareness respectively.
The citizenship awareness that should be implanted to students had 6 components; 1) Freedom and self-reliance, 2) Respect other people's rights, 3) Respect and accept different opinions, 4) Respect human equality and dignity, 5) Follow rules of law, and 6) Social responsibility.
The process of creating citizenship awareness in 6 aspect was as follows; 1) Freedom and self-reliance enhanced by work assessment, rewarding, complimenting, and fun activities with fun games (Sailing the Titanic), 2) Respecting the others’ rights by learning and understanding the principles of rights and freedoms as legislated in the Constitution through story telling activities, 3) Respect and accept different opinions by question and answer activities, 4) Respect human dignity and equality by the egg-turning activity that was usually practiced in the classroom, 5) Follow the rules of law supported by the democratic puzzle activity, and 6) Social responsibility promoted by using democratic art activity for unity.
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