The aims of this qualitative research were: 1) to study the metaphysic problems in Theravada Buddhist philosophy; 2) to study the concept of Five Aggregates in Theravada Buddhist philosophy; 3) to analyze the concept of Five Aggregates in Theravada Buddhist philosophy by using the descriptive analysis.
The research results were as follows:
The metaphysics in Buddhist philosophy is different from Western views. It is not a true speculation or infers the probability of things but it represents the truth of all things as it is. Buddhist philosophy teaches the truth that all things whether people, animals or things in concrete or abstract forms are an object or a matter of mind. All are in accordance with the common principles of factors and are a matter of relative factors. The problems of metaphysics in Buddhism can be summed up in two views: sassata-diṭṭhi (eternalism), the view of permanence of self and world; uccheda-diṭṭhi (annihilationism), the view of distinction of self and world.
Five Aggregates (pañca-khandha, Five Groups of Existence) is the composition of life processes: corporality (rūpa), sensation (vedanā), perception (saññā), mental formation (saṅkhāra) and consciousness (viññāṇ), in other words called ‘material and abstract (body and mind)’ which is the rising process and co-operation without discrimination. Buddhist philosophy views life in an analytical manner, separating large elements into sub-parts and we will see that the truth that the true self is from the meeting of various elements. The Lord Buddha expressed the story of the Five Aggregates to be relieved. He showed the suffering and the extinguishing of suffering by understanding the five aggregates.
Buddhist philosophy is the theory of realism appeared in a form of the dialectic theory. The term is a theory of reality by saying and distinguishing the truth. In Buddhist philosophy, it is recognized as realism that assumes the physical world outside us exists and is true, does not depend on ideas, opinions or knowledge of human beings. The Five Aggregates is not only about understanding the metaphysical problems but also understanding the truth of life throughout and access to the principles of truth in Buddhism (Nirvana) which can only be achieved by being free from the defilement.
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