Abstract
This research paper had 2 purposes: to study the Vipāka or results of action in the Theravada Buddhist scriptures; and to study of Vipāka as factors for Vipassana meditation in the Theravada Buddhist Scriptures by taking research data from Theravada Buddhist scriptures, including Tipitaka, its commentaries and Saddavisesa texts, as well as relevant academic papers, then compiled in descriptive style and finally reviewed by experts. The findings were that;
Vipāka means the result of virus wholesome and unwholesome deeds. In deep sense, it refers to the fruits of mental processes by the way that the consciousness received its objects before then extinguishes immediately, this called as Vipāka of consciousness. There are two types of Vipāka; 1) wholesome, 2) unwholesome. When the previous wholesome consciousness extinguishes, it becomes wholesome result, if unwholesome then it will produce unwholesome. The wholesome result generates happy feeling while unwholesome result unhappy feeling. In ordinary understanding, that wholesome and unwholesome result come from deeds of previous lives, in absolute truth, wholesome and unwholesome results rise and fall in every present moment. Rise and fall consciousness is receiving its results round and round endlessly. Only realizing the absolute truth through insight knowledge will lead to overcome results of all deeds by entering the noble path, fruits and Nibbana which is the purpose of Buddhism.
Following insight meditation practice based on 4 foundations of mindfulness; contemplation on body, feeling, mind and mental objects, the practitioner will realize factors and causes of name and forms as rise and fall. This realizing of factors as they really are prevents from wrong actions through knowing results of all deeds as impermanence, unsatisfactory and non-self of name and forms. Realizing cause and factors as depending on each other is knowledge of discerning the conditions of name and forms. In this stage, mind of practitioner bends to realize the three common characteristics entering into the true insight knowledge up to noble path, fruit and Nibbana finally releasing from cycle of rebirth becoming a Noble One. His unwholesome deeds result to be a Noble One while unwholesomeness still produces bad results as seen in the case of Cakkhupalathera who got enlightenment at the time of his eyes were blind because the wholesome and unwholesome Vipāka still functions like the shadows due to the previous deeds.
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