Abstract
This research paper aims at 2 purposes; 1) to study painful feeling in Theravada Buddhism and 2) to study the enlightenment according to mindful contemplation on painful feeling by collecting the research data from Theravada Buddhist texts, and related documents, then summarized, analyzed and composed in descriptive style, finally verified by experts. From the study, it found that;
Dukkhavedanā refers to the painful feeling of consciousness, this painful feeling is a conscious factor, it comes from unwholesome result consciousness. Feeling was divided into 3 types; happy, unhappy and neutral feeling. The painful feeling included Dukkhatā in Three Common Characteristics due to being ever oppressed by rise and fall, it remains no more, it changes and disappears. It also includes in noble truth and suffering signifying birth, decay, pains and death etc. totally five aggregate attachment. It includes in Dependent Origination which means the procedure of cause and factor of 12 links of dependent origination in origin round, that is due to ignorance causing the rise of mental formations, mental formation causing the rise of consciousness birth causes the rise of death, sorrows, lamentation, grief, pains the painful feeling arises by causal factor. The extinction of suffering can be done by cultivating mindfulness foundation to see Three Common Characteristics.
For insight practice, the practitioners of meditation firstly calm down from disturbances from external distractions until mind became momentary or approached concentration then contemplating on painful feeling which includes in contemplation on feeling. The manners of painful feeling appear stronger in beginning, without intention and no good friend who guide the right way, the practitioner would give up efforts, but if they continue observing painful state which happening with mindfulness, awareness continuously. The manners of Dukkhatā which is a part of Three Common Characteristics will obvious appear and forcing the practitioner seek to release and enter into insight knowledge by desireless liberation. The mind of practitioner, with full powers, faculties and endless efforts can enter insight knowledge until reaching noble path, fruit and Nibbana which is cause of liberation from suffering due to five aggregate attachment by contemplating on painful feeling as object of insight developing at the beginning.
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