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Abstract
This thesis is three of objectives; 1) to study of enlightenment in Theravada Buddhist Scriptures, 2) to study of the way of enlightenment in Theravada Buddhist Scriptures, and 3) to study of background of perfections practice and enlightenment of Upāli Thera. It is to study from data of Tipiṭaka: Pāli Canon, Aṭṭhakathā: Commentaries, Tikā: Sub-commentaries, Pakaraṇavisesa-Visuddhimagga, academic documentaries and other related Texts, and it is arranged, descriptive narration, checking by professional, comparison and conclusion.
From the study is found that, enlightenment is the rising of wisdom, seeing the Four Noble Truths (Ariyasacca) in advanced level, which is to attain the Threefold knowledge (Vijjā), to enter into the Dhamma respectively until he can attain the nine supramundane states: the Four Paths, the Four Fruits, and Nibbāna. That is to be Noble One in levels, such as Sotāpanna: one who abandons three Saṁyjana: fetters such personality-view, doubt, and adherence to rules and ritual, Sakadāgāmi: one who abandons the lower fetters in the first three items and it has decreased on sensual lust and repulsion, Anāgāmi: one who abandons the lower fetters in the first three items, and also abandons the sensual lust and the repulsion. The Arahanta: Noble One who can abandon completely the ten fetters; the personality-view, the doubt, the adherence to rules and ritual, the sensual lust and the repulsion, the attachment to realms of form, the attachment to formless realms, the conceit, the restlessness, and the ignorance.
From the study of the way of enlightenment in Theravada Buddhist Scriptures is found that there are two Vipassanā practices, they are, Samathayānika: the quiet-vehicled and Vipassanāyānika: the insight-vehicled. In the Paṭisambhidāmagga Scripture has pointed the principle of practice to be Arahatta by one magga or others in four kinds, 1) Samatha-buppaṅgamanaya: the development calm abiding and then insight, 2) Vipassanā buppaṅgamanaya: the development insight only, 3) Yuganaddhanaya: the development calm and insight together, and 4) Dhammuddhaccanaya: the development insight to abandon distraction. In the Paṭisambhidāmagga Scripture has appeared the development of insight into four kinds. When it is studied the commentary on Monarathapūraṇī and the sub-commentary on Aṅguttara Sāratthamañjusā is found that the third one and the fourth one are classified into the second one.
The background and perfections practice of Upāli Thera found that his name is Upāli, he was born in the barber’s family of the king in Kapilavatthu. When he grew up he got promotion of the costumier for six princes. Later, he had ordained to follow the six princes, they are Bhaddiya, Anuruddha, Ānanda, Bhagu, Kimpila, and Devadatta. After odination, he had practiced meditation in the Buddha’s school. The Lord Buddha himself taught the Vinaya (Discipline) to him.
The study of the way of practice for enlightenment is found that Upāli Thera has practice insight meditation by Vipassanā buppaṅgamanaya: the development insight only until got enlightenment (Arahanta). Later, he was a good remember and knowing the rules of the order, the Lord Buddha elevated him on all monastic rules of discipline and the foremost disciple in keeping Vinaya.
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