Abstract
The 3 objectives of the research on “The Critical Study Of The Creatures Of Hell In Theravada Buddhist Scriptures”, prescribed by the researcher, are 1. To study the woeful state said in Theravada Buddhist Script, 2. To study state of woeful beings in Theravada Buddhist Script. 3. To study analysis about beasts in the hell appearing in Theravada Buddhist Scriptures.
From this research, the researcher has found that Narakabhumi ( planes of woeful state) is the place which is undeveloped, unpleasant and unhappy. The beings are in these planes because their own effect of bad action made in the past, they are very troublesome and have no chance to produce the meritorious thought, they appear by the way of Oppatika ( creature having spontaneous birth ) and it is the plane state always having unhappiness. Nobody can help these woeful beings to leave out of suffering.
There are 4 kinds of woeful state i. e. 1. 8 states of Mahaniraya, 2. 128 states of Ussudaniraya, 3. 320 states of Yamalokikaniraya and 4. 1 state of Lokantaniraya, it totals 457 states.
The woeful beings appearing in these planes will have got the suffering for long time, however, how long it is does not appear certainly, it depend on bad action made. If they do a lot of bad actions, they will be in the woeful state for long time and be in many woeful states, for example, if they have done bad actions such as killing parents etc. , they will get the effect of such action in the 8th state of Avecimahaoiraya as the period of age for one aeon then in 16 states of Udasudnirayas arounding Avecimahaniraya, 40 states of Yamalokaniraya, 7 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1st of Mahanirayas and the following nirayas of each state of Mahaniraya, respectively. If the slight effect of such bad action is not finalized, they have to get more effect of the bad action in Pettivisayabhumi. After finishing the period of departed being, they have to get the effect of bad action in Diracanabhumi. After finishing the period of being animals, they have to get the effect of bad action in Manusabhumi in the form of being defected men such as mad, mute, blind and deaf. After the effect of such bad action has been finalized, they will be born as perfect men having Sila, Samadhi and Panya until they will get Nipphana.
On the analytical study of Woeful Beings appearing in Theravada Buddhist Script, the researcher has found that the people who were born in the woeful states would get very much suffering and trouble because they were punished by the king of the underworld according to the bad actions done in the previous birth. There were so many and wide woeful states because the had to be divided as the kinds of bad action done by beings. Therefore, the persons who always do the bad actions in the present existence, besides being punished under the country law and getting various sufferings troubles because being punished by officers in the period of living, it is as if living in the woeful state in the present life. That is not enough, after death, they will be punished in the woeful states and will be more cruel than it be in the world of humanity for long time. It can not fix the ages of those beings. Their own actions will fix their ages. Therefore, everybody should be afraid of bad actions even it may be slight action and they should preserve Sila and Bhavana and practice continuously until they will enlighten Nippana finally.
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