ABSTRACT

The objectives of the research were: 1) to study the accomplishment (Sampatti) in the Buddhist Scriptures, 2) to study the failure (Vipatti) in the Buddhist Scriptures, and 3) to analyze the accomplishment and the failure in the Buddhist Scriptures with living in Thai society. This research applied the documentary research with collecting data from Tipitaka, academic textbooks, related documents and researches.

Results of the Research

1.  Sampatti in the Buddhism means the accomplishment and the factors favourable to the ripening of good Karma. Sampatti consists of four types: 1) Gati-sampatti is the accomplishment of the birth, the fortunate birthplace and the appropriateness for appreciating the Triple Gem, 2) Upadhi-sampatti is the accomplishment of the body, the fortunate body, and the health or physical conditions: there are thirty-two organs. A perfect body lead oneself to make a merit whenever his or her wants which not being obstacle in making any merit, 3) Kala-sampatti is the accomplishment of the time and the fortunate or favourable time, and 4) Payoga-sampatti is the accomplishment of the undertaking and the fortunate,favourable or adequate undertaking. All four Sampatti would happen when practicing Punnakiriya-vatthu (bases of meritorious action): 1) Dana is the meritorious action consisting in giving or generosity, 2) Sila is the meritorious action consisting in observing the precepts or moral behavior, and 3) Bhava is the meritorious action consisting in mental development.

2.  Vipatti is the failure, the defect, and the unfavourable factors affecting the ripening of Karma. Vipatti consists of four types: 1) Gati-vipatti is the failure as regards the place of birth and the unfavourable environment or circumstances; for example, the Buddha went to teach the Dhamma for the people. At that time, the Buddha was born in the forest. Although he was very intelligent, he did not have the opportunity to study and practice the Dhamma. 2) Upadhi-vipatti is the failure as regards the body, the deformed or unfortunate body, and the unfavourable personality, health or physical conditions. It means that who is born in the wealthy family, but he or she has the physical problems. He or she will not be accepted in the society because of a physical disable 3) Kala-vipatti is the failure as regards the time, and the unfortunate of time, for example, as the society declines from the ethics or the war, Even the leader person who is intelligent and accepted in the society gives the suggestion for the peacefulness, he is not admired from the people in the society because his suggestion is not suitable for the opportunity and the time. 4) Payoga-vipatti is the failure as losing in business which engaging in business but a business is not benefit to the entrepreneur. It is caused not be able to make merits. It means that If a company select a worker whose a qualification fails in education, misbehavior, addicting in alcoholic, gambling, not sharing, and not teaching in good moral, this company will lose and work be ruined.

3.  Sampatti relates to the living in Thai society. The practice begins in the individual, family, society and nation with the Saddha (the faith) and the belief in Karma. Especially, the view of the Buddhism has the teaching that everyone is equal in the spiritual potential that will achieve the Dhamma as Ariyadhana (the noble wealth). However, Vipatti is opposite to Sampatti. It makes the life sad and unhappy in the people’s living because the view is opposite to  the ways of the society as Ditthi-vipatti, the failure in views, falling away from the right view, the lack of the faith in the Dhamma principles as the ethical law of the human. One who has these four failures provides the failure to oneself and the society.

Download