The present study aimed at 1) investigating social development of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province; 2) exploring social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province; and 3) to examine problems and obstacles and recommendations of social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province.
The present study employed a mixed method with both quantitative, with a survey, and qualitative research methodologies. The study sample consisted of 360 out of 4,638 people who lived in a community under the Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province, who were 20 years old or older. The subjects were recruited based on the sample size table of Krejcie & Morgan (1970). The instrument used in data collection was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science program. Data regarding demographic characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by means of frequency and percentage. The levels of opinions toward social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province were analyzed in terms of frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics of t-test and F-test were used to determine the differences in mean scores of both groups, and One-way ANOVA was used to determine the mean scores among three groups or more. Finally, the Least Significance Difference (LSD) was employed to test the differences between means of each pair. As for qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were used with key informants, and data were analyzed by means of content analysis.
The study findings revealed that
1. The overall opinions of people toward social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province was at a moderate level ( = 3.02). When considering each aspect, it was found that opinions toward all aspects were at a moderate level- Sadharanabhogi aspect ( = 2.94), Mettamanokamma aspect ( = 2.99), the Mettavacikamma aspect ( = 3.02), Silasamannata aspect ( = 3.06), Ditthisamannata aspect ( = 3.08), and Mettakayakamma aspect ( = 3.09).
2. When comparing the opinions of the people toward social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province, it was found that people with different personal factors of age, status, educational background, occupation, and income had different opinions toward social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province with statistical significance at 0.05 level. However, those with different genders had no different opinions toward social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province.
3. As regards problems and obstacles, as well as recommendations on social development based on the Sārāṇīyadhamma principles of Khae Sub-district Administrative Organization, Uthumphon Phisai District, Sisaket Province, it is recommended that people should work and carry out social development to serve the people on a continuous basis, with appropriate planning, and with prioritization of problems, with social impacts into consideration. People should talk nicely with each other to create unity and harmony, as well as consideration and compassion for one another. They should work for the benefits of society and be honest to self, work, and others. In addition, people should refrain from taking advantages but instead allocating resources or facilities among people with equality and fairness. Moreover, they should carry out social development work with honesty, self-disciplines, adherence to rules and regulations, and mutual respect. Finally, they should give the people the opportunity to take part in the meetings to propose problems, share their local needs, express their opinions, criticize work, and file complaints and petitions to ensure continuous and consistent self-improvement and social development.
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