In  the critical study of the social thoughts  in  theravada  Buddhist  philosophy,  the  researcher  set out the 3 objectives  of  the  study, namely : (1) to study  Karl Marx’s social concept,  (2)  to study the social concept in Theravada Buddhist philosophy, and      (3) to  analyze  the  social concept  in  Theravada Buddhist  philosophy under social concept  of  Karl Marx which are the document research.

                 From  studying,  it is found that  Karl Marx’s  socialist  concept  is of the  belief  that  the historied societies  have fought and clashed  between the classes of people  all the time, from  historied the primitive society, the slave  society,  the feudal society, the capital society and the socialism. Such the conflicts arose  from  the desire to occupy  the  produced  objects as  a  private ownership.  Karl Marx, thus,  proposed  the state of the working class to revolutionize by violence  to  cancel the classes systems,  the proprietary systems  and to force or control the factor of production structure to be of  the public of society.  The  society is, thus, more important than the individuality and the justice or the equality is located on the basis of the production and the sharing.  So, when everyone is a worker,  everyone would be of the right to receive remuneration according to one’s own ability, when the output is enough, everyone will have a chance to receive  it  on  one’s demand.  When the society was to step into communist society free  from state and classes, the society structure  will  maintain  the management  system.

                 The  Budda’s socialist  concept was caused from the rejection of the caste system  which is a conflicting or opposing part of two groups :-  the elite groups occupying the factor of production  which are :- the Ksatriyas, the Brahamins and the Vaisyas and  the  low casted people who are without  the factors of production : the Sudras. The conditions of societies  were  of  the  inequality  in the politics,  education and economy.  Thus, the Budda built up the monk society to be a social choice and to liberate with his way :-  the ordination, the Buddist lent, the system preceptor  or  teacher, and the centralized ecclesiastical property system. The monks give the importance to the respect to and the    fear for the monk society and must abide to  follow  the  same  standard  rules  which are  the disciplines.

                 The monk society has become a socialist society with some unique identity     :The Buddha  used  the peace one methods  which  do not destroy  the old  societies  and used the doctrinal dictatorship to cause the faith to arise and agree to follow voluntarily. While the old society still is the intensified feudal society,  the monk society abolished the caste system  and  the private property system,  and stepped to a group society which  is of the all the same  mannerisms or tradition : whether it is the using  of the four  necessary factors,  the non-collection  surplus,  or the aiming to create benefits for the public society.  The monk societies have become the ones  which  all  monks have the rights, the chances, the authority and the responsibilities  equally  in both the object and the dignity of the humanity. In addition, the monks’ societies are also of the have  independence to govern themselves under the system or the styles of management  already defined by  the condition of  the doctrines disciplines. Thus, the Sangha society is the one without  the classes of the people and the individual leader of administration, but it is the one which can  maintain  with the help of  being a single society.