ABSTRACT

This research aims to study about Six Temperaments in Buddhism, to study about the practice  of  Dhamma  principles  and to analyze the relationship of The Six Temperaments and the practice  of  Dhamma  principles  in  Buddhism.

From studying the research, it is  found that The Six Temperament is a category of Dhamma principle in Buddhism which is important as a fundamental component of Dhamma practice. The person in each Temperament has different behavior each other according to six categories of Carita, namely : 1) Rāga-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards beauty fondness 2) Dosa-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards recklessness or moodiness 3) Moha-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards ignorance, loneliness, or being gullible 4) Saddhā-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards delightfulness, appreciation, being easily faithful, 5) Buddhi-carita or āna-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards the use of thought for contemplation and 6) Vitakka-carita, the one whose principal conduct is prone towards being muddle or distracted.  The cause of different Carita being possessed in each individual is found that it has been due to the state of being acquainted in the past or from the Kamma which the one had done in the previous life.  When it comes to talk about the six temperaments, in the first place it is discovered that it will be mainly focused on the approach meditation, namely the forty categories of meditation.

From studying about the practice of Dhamma principles in Buddhism, it is found that there are two ways of Dhamma practice in Buddhism, namely 1) Meditation and 2) Insight meditation. For meditation, it is the practice for making the one to have concentration that extinguished passion or the practice for making the mind to be calmed and concentrated. In the practice of meditation, the one shall focus the mind into anything or any temper out of forty meditations. This practices depends on the Carita of each individual and provides the fundamental base for continuing to the insight meditation in later stage. As the insight meditation is the practice of mind to gain enlightenment in the concrete and abstract with the Tilakkhana or the enlightenment into the state of factual abstract. The focus of mind in insight meditation required concrete and abstract. In order to perceive what has happened with concrete and abstract, one must focus the consciousness into the concrete and abstract, that is to say, to contemplate as to gently forsake the sticking to the concrete and abstract completely. Then the one will finally see the uncertainty which lead to being suffered and being non-existent. The practice of insight meditation is, therefore, the practice of refined one’s mind to know up to the outside world and ordinary life, to completely eradicate of passion and ignorance to be prepared for entering into the ultimate goal of life, namely Mogga, Phala and Nibbāna.

The researcher has compiled various bodies of knowledge obtained from the study of The Six Temperaments and the practice of Dhamma principles in Buddhism and then analyzed for their relationship to select the proper approach to the Dhamma practice or meditation that meet with each individual’s Carita which can be divided into the six categories : 1 ) the one with Rāga-carita is suitable with studying Asubha and physical consciousness  2) the one with Dosa-carita was suitable with studying Brahmavihara 4, Appamanna 4 and Vannagasina 3 ), the one with Moha-carita, after studied Dhamma until gained full wisdom, is suitable with studying Maranassati and Catudhatu-vavatthana 4) the one with Saddha-carita is suitable with studying Anussati 5) the one with Buddhi-carita or Nana-carita is suitable with meditation which leads to the achievement of insight meditation with uncertainty, being suffered ( Dukka ) and Anatta and 6) the one with Vitakka-carita is mainly suitable with studying Anapanasati. In addition, as regards the insight meditation according to the Four Foundations of mindfulness, it is found that the two types of carita, namely Tanha-carita and Ditthi-carita, are connected with the practice of the Four Foundations of mindfulness which are meditation that suited with the two types of Carita. These two types of Carita have the meaning which corresponds to the characteristics of The Six Temperaments. Therefore the researcher synthesized The Six Temperaments into The Two Temperaments. This is to say, Raga-carita, Moha-carita and Saddha-carita are synthesized into Tanha-carita to become having full wisdom and slight wisdom. Meditation that is suitable which is Kāyānupassanā, Vedanānupassanā and Cittānupassanā. The Dosa-carita, Buddhi-carita and Vitakka-carita are synthesized into Ditthi-carita to become having full wisdom and slight wisdom. Meditation that is suitable that is cittanupassana and Dhammanupassana. In conclusion, the practice of insight meditation according to the Four Foundations of mindfulness is suitable with the people of every Carita and type.

In selection the guideline for practicing the Dhamma principles, the researcher recommends that the one who practices Dhamma choose Dhamma principle that suits with his or her own and always practice that category of Dhamma. Finally, they are really practiced this will be able to integrate the practice with the daily living style in order to gain the best efficiency and the most benefits.